Cherry high-yield formula fertilization technology

1. Cherry fertilization period

The cherry tree fruit has a short growth period and is characterized by rapid and concentrated fertilizer. From germination, leaf development, flowering, fruit development to maturity, it is concentrated in April to June, and flower bud differentiation is also concentrated in a short period after harvesting. Therefore, the nutrient status of the tree before wintering directly affects the tree. Growth and development. According to this feature, the application of the base fertilizer and flowering period in autumn and the topdressing after fruit harvesting are essential. Generally, in August and September, the base fertilizer is applied in the early autumn. After fertilization, the fertilizer effect can be exerted in the same year, and the nutrient accumulation of the tree body is increased, which is beneficial to the flowering result. According to the fertilizer requirement of cherries, topdressing can be carried out in 3 times: first, pre-flowering fertilizer, mainly nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers, timely supplementing tree nutrients, promoting flower bud germination and Spring shoot growth; second, strong fruit fertilizer, with nitrogen, Potassium fertilizer is mainly used, combined with phosphate fertilizer, promotes fruit expansion, reduces physiological fruit drop, improves fruit quality, and supplements tree nutrition; thirdly, top dressing before fruit coloring, mainly based on quick-acting potash, applied 20 to 25 days before harvest; The fourth is to make fertilizer after picking fruit, mainly based on quick-acting fertilizer, preferably compound fertilizer.

2, cherry fertilizer amount

1) Fertilizer rule

Cherry has the largest demand for nitrogen and potassium, and the quantity is similar. The demand for phosphorus is much lower. The suitable ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 10:1.5~10:12. In addition, the demand ratio of cherries to medium-quantity elements such as calcium, magnesium and sulfur is 1.4~2.4:0.3~0.8:0.2~0.4. These elements play an important role in improving fruit quality, especially calcium to prevent large cherry cracking, increase fruit firmness, prolong delivery time, reduce physiological diseases during storage, increase stress resistance of fruits and trees, and reduce frost damage during flowering. Have a certain role.

2) nutrient content of the fruit

According to the research, for every 100 kilograms of fruit produced, about 1.04 kilograms of pure nitrogen, 0.14 kilograms of pure phosphorus, and 1.37 kilograms of pure potassium are needed. In addition, roots, branches and leaves need growth, rainwater leaching and soil fixation, and the soil fertility is medium. The amount of fertilizer applied per year should be 2 to 3 times the fruit yield.

3) Normal plant leaf nutrient content

The main elements of the normal growth cherry tree are: 2.33~3.27%, phosphorus 0.23~0.32%, potassium 1.25~1.92%, calcium 1.62~2.60%, magnesium 0.49-0.74%, trace element content: Sulfur is 124-150mg per kilogram, iron is 119-203mg per kilogram, manganese is 44-60mg per kilogram, boron is 38-54mg per kilogram, zinc is 20-50mg per kilogram, copper is 8-28mg per kilogram, molybdenum is 0.5 per kilogram. ~1 mg. After the plant diagnosis and analysis, if it is lower than the lower limit of the above content, the fertilizer should be replenished in time to avoid deficiency. Specific to a cherry orchard, the appropriate amount of fertilizer should be determined according to the production level of the park. Fertilization by nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium can significantly promote high yield and stable yield of cherries.

4) The amount of organic fertilizer applied

Organic fertilizer can improve soil, increase soil fertility, reduce environmental pollution, improve cherry quality, and have certain effects on fruit color, brightness, hardness and sugar content. High-yielding cherries generally use 150-200 kg of fermented pig and chicken manure organic fertilizer per plant.

5) Spraying trace element fertilizer

Mainly based on the principle of lack of filling, appropriate addition of boron, zinc, magnesium and other elements. Sprinkle 0.3% borax solution during flowering to promote flower development and increase fruit set rate. After the fruit is placed, 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution can be sprayed to increase the sugar content and coloring effect of the fruit.

3, cherry fertilization method

According to the characteristics of the fertilizer required for cherries and the characteristics of different fertilizers, the base fertilizer should be paved. First, do the sputum on the tree plate, and apply the organic fertilizer to the surface of the tree plate and water it immediately. The watering amount is 100 kg per plant. Advantages of spreading base fertilizer: First, the absorption area is large and the utilization rate is high; second, the nutrient is not easy to be lost, and the effect is good; third, the soil is loose and not consolidated. The top dressing is usually carried out by foliar spraying, which can directly absorb the nutrients by the leaves. It is a highly efficient and rapid fertilization method, mainly based on urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, with a urea concentration of 0.3-0.5%, dihydrogen phosphate. The potassium concentration is 0.3%, and the spraying should be from top to bottom. The front side of the leaf should be sprayed on the front side, and the leaves and fruits should not be drip.

Cherry is a chlorine species, so potassium must be potassium sulfate, not potassium chloride.