For high-power laser-cut metal materials, there are many factors affecting the quality of cutting. In summary, there are mainly the geometrical accuracy of the equipment itself, such as the dynamic rigidity of the motion axis, acceleration, laser beam mode and quality, performance of optical components, The stability of the light guiding system, as well as the common power, speed, nozzle spacing, nozzle aperture, cutting aid gas purity and pressure, optical path distance, focal length and size of the focused spot, etc., of course, the subroutine when "starting the knife" And the programming path is also crucial; in addition, due to the difference in material, plate thickness and material surface state, there are many unpredictable variables in the laser cutting process, which will affect the stability and final quality during the cutting process. In view of some of the above unpredictable influencing factors, the real-time intelligent control system in the cutting process is studied, and no manual intervention in the cutting process is required (except for some accidental touch alarms), so as to improve the stability of the cutting process, cutting efficiency and The purpose of cutting quality.
Hardware composition of intelligent cutting system
(1) The intelligent cutting control system is used to timely analyze the data fed back by the cutting state monitor, and adjust the cutting parameters in real time, and control the cutting auxiliary gas component, and change the focus position to ensure the processing quality and improve the processing efficiency. When the cutting failure occurs, the processing can be terminated in time to reduce or even eliminate the occurrence of defective products.
(2) The cutting state monitor is used to monitor the position of the molten pool during the processing in real time, and obtain the raw data of the processing state, and feed back to the control system.
(3) The gas control system is used to control the path and composition of the cutting aid gas.
(4) The optical control system is used to control the beam divergence angle and focus position during laser processing.
Main functions and software development of intelligent cutting control system
(1) Focus search function Due to errors in materials and dimensions, optical lenses (including light source window mirrors, collimation beam expanders, mirrors, and focusing mirrors) have slight differences in processing, and these errors cause the same Different lens focus positions have different nuances. At the same time, when the laser cutting machine light guide system is installed, the various adjustment links and the type and cleanliness of the optical path gas will also cause the focus to drift, and the intelligent cutting control system can be automated and fast. Searching and determining the focus position is much more efficient than the previous manual adjustment method in terms of efficiency and accuracy. Accurate focus position is one of the key elements for achieving high quality and efficient cutting.
(2) High-speed perforation function Perforation is a necessary preparation before laser cutting is performed. For the traditional timed perforation process, there is a certain contradiction in efficiency and safety. To ensure that the perforation is completed quickly and reliably, a certain margin is usually left in the perforation time. In order to prevent the hole in the perforation process from exploding, the lens is contaminated. It also limits the punching power, but it also affects the piercing efficiency. In the intelligent cutting control system, since the perforation state can be monitored and controlled online, various process parameters can be predicted and controlled in advance before the occurrence of the molten pool blasting, and finally, the perforation can be completed at a high speed and high quality in a state of full power, and The end of the perforation process can be automatically judged, and the subsequent cutting is performed immediately after the end of the perforation, so the processing time is greatly shortened, the processing quality is ensured, and the influence of excess perforation energy on the ablation and thermal deformation of the bed is greatly reduced. .
(3) Cutting condition monitoring function When cutting thick metal materials, it is prone to bad cutting phenomenon such as burning or plasma cloud. This function can be used to detect real-time cutting metal radiation, focus brightness, plasma concentration and other information. Sampling analysis, automatically adjust the cutting parameters before the bad cutting or plasma cloud is generated, realize automatic deceleration and then accelerate, or automatically retreat and then execute the program to avoid material loss; before the failure or even failure, the processing can be terminated early. And can generate a large amount of monitoring data to provide a basis for process parameter improvement.
Conclusion
Intelligent cutting control system is the latest research result of Leading Laser Company. It integrates light, machine and electric technology. It is at the commanding height of laser cutting technology today, and the overall research and application is still in its infancy. The traditional timing and quantitative open-loop processing control mode is changed to the closed-loop control processing mode of online monitoring real-time analysis, which fully exploits the hardware potential of the existing laser processing platform, and stabilizes the processing quality without increasing the laser power and the machine speed. Increased processing efficiency and reduced energy loss and waste.
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