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Analysis of the selection of machine tool spindles and rotary table bearings
Source: China Bearing Network Time: 2014-07-30
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The machine tool industry is an important part of the mechanical equipment industry; it plays an insignificant effect in the development of the national economy. According to statistics; in the general machine production; the processing workload of the machine tool accounts for 40% of the total production workload. %~60% or so; therefore, the level of development of the machine tool industry is generally a mark of the level of industrial development in a country. With the increasing development of modern manufacturing operations; customers are increasingly demanding industrial machine-machine tools. Current; new materials, new processes The continuous emergence of new equipment; the processing of machine tools can bring a lot of battles; in order to be satisfied with the processing of the above-mentioned structural parts; modern machine tools are moving in the direction of "high speed, fine, composite, intelligent".
With the deepening of China's industrial structure promotion; the machine tool profession also shows the trend of industrial structure promotion; that is, the share of CNC machine tools is gradually rising; in the numerical control category; the share of high-end CNC machine tools (such as heavy-duty machine tools, intelligent machine tools, etc.) is also rising; The products of heavy-duty machine tools are mainly for the main industrial pillar industries such as national power (thermal power, hydropower, nuclear power, wind power), shipbuilding, engineering machinery, metallurgy, aerospace, military, transportation (railway, automobile) and national key projects; National key projects provide a wide range of shopping malls for heavy duty machine tools.
This paper first analyzes how to select the type of bearing used in the machine tool for the spindle bearing and the rotary table bearing.
The spindle bearing spindle is the key component of the machine tool; its function will directly affect the parameters such as the rotation accuracy, rotation speed, rigidity, temperature rise and noise of the machine tool; it will affect the machining quality of the workpiece; for example, the dimensional accuracy of the part; the roughness of the surface, etc. Therefore, in order to adhere to excellent machine tool processing; it is necessary to use high-performance bearings. The bearing accuracy on the machine tool spindle should be ISOP5 or above (P5 or P4 is the ISO accuracy level; generally from low to high is P0 , P6, P5, P4, P2); and for the spindle support of high-speed, high-precision machine tools such as CNC machine tools and machining intermediates; ISOP4 or higher precision is required, and the spindle bearings include angular touch ball bearings and tapered roller bearings; Cylindrical roller bearings and other types.
Fine-angle touch ball bearings are among the above-mentioned bearings; the use of fine-angle touch ball bearings is the most widely used. We all know that the roll of the angular touch ball bearing is a ball because it is a point touch (different from the roller bearing). The line touch); so it can supply higher speed, smaller heat and higher rotation accuracy. In some ultra-high speed spindle applications; ceramic ball (usually Si3N4 or Al2O3) is also used. Type bearing. Compared with the traditional fully hardened steel ball; the characteristics of the ceramic ball material itself give the ceramic ball bearing the characteristics of high rigidity, high speed, high temperature resistance and long service life; then satisfied with the high-end customer demand for machine tool bearing products.
In terms of the touch angle of the angular contact ball bearing; the current touch angle is 15o and 25o, and the general 15o touch angle has a higher speed function; and the 25o touch angle has a higher axial load. Pre-load selection has a great impact on the application of fine-angle touch ball bearings; for example; in high-load, high-rigidity applications; medium or heavy-duty bearing preloads are generally used, and some high-speed, high-precision applications are aligned. We are in the early selection of bearings; demand pays attention to selecting suitable preload; general light preload is more common. Preload is generally divided into three types: light, medium and heavy, in order to facilitate the use of customers; several major bearings in the world. Manufacturers are all supplied with pre-grinded bearing end faces and preloaded bearings; that is, what we generally call the all-round pairing fine-angle touch ball bearing method. This type of bearing eliminates the customer's preload conditioning; then saves installation time.
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