Analysis of Hummer and its control points

1 Introduction to Hummer

Hummer (Aphid) is an insect that feeds on plant juices and belongs to the insect class Thysanoptera in animal taxonomy. Hummer likes warm and dry weather. The adult and nymphs suck on the young plants (branches, leaves, flowers, fruits, etc.), and the damaged young leaves and young shoots become hard and curly, and the plants grow slowly. shorten.

Chinese scientific name: 蓟马; nickname: locust; boundary: animal kingdom; body length: 1 mm; body color: golden yellow; egg length: 0.2 mm; egg shape: long oval; egg color: light yellow; Juice; subclass: winged subclass; class: insect class; eye: pteridophyte; door: arthropod door; yamen: there are 颚亚门.

2 morphological characteristics

Small body, body length 0.5 ~ 2 mm, rarely more than 7 mm; black, brown or yellow; head slightly rear mouth, mouth sucking, can break the plant epidermis, absorb the juice; tentacles 6 ~ 9 , linear, slightly beaded, with a sensory device on some nodes; long and narrow wings, long and neat margins on the edges, veins with up to 2 longitudinal veins; the end of the foot has a bubble-shaped mid-mat, claw degeneration; The female abdomen has a conical end with a serrated oviduct on the ventral surface, or a cylindrical shape with no ovipositor.

3 variety classification

The pteridophyte is known as the hummer, and about 3,000 species are known all over the world. About 300 species are known in China, mainly 蓟马科 and 蓟马科. The main types of damage to fruits and vegetables include melons, horses, horses, horses, horses, horses, horses, horses, horses, horses, horses and horses.

(1) Gua Ma Ma

Melon horses, also known as palm hummers, brown horses, are mainly harmful to melons, melons, watermelons, bitter gourds, tomatoes, eggplants and legumes. Adults and nymphs feed on heart leaves, tender buds, flower organs and young juices with sucking mouthparts. The young shoots are damaged, the tissues become hard and shrink, the hairs become grayish brown or dark brown, the plants grow slowly, and the internodes are shortened. The young melon is damaged, the fruit is hardened, and the melon hair is blackened, causing the melon to fall.

Guajuma occurs 17 to 18 generations in Guangxi in 1 year. It overlaps in generations and breeds all year round. It is harmful to melons and eggplants from March to October. Potatoes and other crops are eaten in winter. There are three peaks each year, that is, from late May to 6 In the middle of the month, from mid-July to early August and September, especially in the autumn, it is widespread and serious. The adult worms are active, flying, and afraid of light. They feed on the shoots of young melons or young melons, and a few are harmful in the back of the leaves. The female adult is mainly parthenogenetic, and occasionally has sexual reproduction; the eggs are scattered in the mesophyll tissue, and each female lays 22 to 35 eggs. The nymph is also afraid of light, and stops feeding at the end of the third age and falls on the topsoil.

(2) Onion horse

The onion horse is also known as the smoky horse and the cotton scorpion horse. It has a large body shape and a body length of about 1.2 to 1.4 mm. The body color ranges from light yellow to dark brown. 8 to 10 generations occur in the year, overlapping generations. The host of onion and horses has a wide range of more than 30 species. The main crops are lily, onion, garlic and other liliaceae vegetables, cucurbitaceae, solanaceae vegetables and cotton. Protecting the environment conditions is conducive to the occurrence of thrips. Because of its rapid reproduction speed, if it is not timely prevented, it will cause disaster hazards and seriously affect the growth of the plants and the quality of the fruits.

Onion horses are incomplete metamorphosis insects. Nymphs are 4 years old, and the latter 2 years are in a state of no feeding. They are often called "pre-sputum" and "sputum", which are actually 3rd and 4th instar nymphs. Adults are more active, able to fly and jump; fear of the sun, more damage in the leaves or leafhoppers during the day, and to the leaves on cloudy and nighttime activities. Females use the ovipositor to puncture the leaves to lay eggs, one for each time, and each female can lay tens of eggs to nearly one hundred. In addition, females can also be parthenogenetic. During the period from May to June, the egg stage is 6 to 7 days, and the newly hatched larvae are clustered and then dispersed. 3 to 4 years old is the first sputum, the first sputum period is 1 to 2 days, and the sputum period is 4 to 7 days. The whole pupa period is spent in the soil. The temperature is suitable, it takes about 20 days to complete a generation. Onion thrips occur severely in warm, arid climates. The optimum conditions for onion are 23 to 28 ° C and relative humidity 40 to 70%. When the rainy season comes, the insect population is reduced.

(3) Insect horse

Rice locusts have rice, wheat, grass, glutinous rice, and maiden. In addition to the above-mentioned hosts, rice locusts can also be parasitic on corn, sorghum, sugar cane, tobacco, and beans. The adult nymphs and the nymphs suck the leaves, sucking the juice, and the white spots appear in the light. The heavy ones make the tip of the leaves curl and yellow, and the infected seedlings return to the green slowly, and the atrophy does not occur. The rice straw thrips mainly damage the grain and flower organs, causing the grain to be unreal. If it harms the heart leaf, it often causes the leaves to twist, the leaf sheath can not stretch, and also destroys the hull and forms empty particles.

Rice locusts can be propagated all year round in southern China. The Jianghuai rice area occurs 10 to 14 generations a year, and the adults overwinter on the Mai Niang, Li Shihe, Miscanthus, wheat and rice piles. In mid-March, adult worms began to feed and first feed on wheat and grass weeds. After the rice seedlings were exposed to green in late April, the adults migrated to rice stalks in large quantities, causing damage and breeding in rice paddy fields and tillering rice fields. After mid-July, the temperature increased, and the number of insects dropped sharply after the jointing of rice round rods. Most of them were transferred to the late rice field, and later transferred to the heart or leaf sheath of wheat and grass weeds, and the adults at the end of November. Enter the winter. Adults are lively, with strong ability to migrate and spread, and rice invades the fields after emergence. When the weather is fine, the adults inhabit the heart leaves and the curls during the day, and often crawl on the leaves in the morning and evening. Males are rare, mainly for parthenogenesis. The eggs are scattered in the subepidermal tissue between the frontal veins of the foliar surface, and the small spots of the tip of the needle are visible to the light. The number of eggs in the 4~5 leaf stage of the seedlings was the highest, which was mostly produced in the tillering stage of rice, and the number of eggs decreased after jointing. The newly hatched nymphs sneak into the unexpanded heart leaves, leaf sheaths or rolled leaves for feeding. Since the second age, most of the clusters are harmful on the tip of the leaf, causing the tip of the leaf to curl up. 3, 4 years old hidden in the leaf edge and tip of the curled yellow, no longer feeding, nor large activities until feathering. Rice bran horses are not resistant to high temperatures, and the most suitable temperature is 15 to 25 ° C. The highest number of eggs is produced at 18 ° C. When it exceeds 28 ° C, growth and reproduction are inhibited. Therefore, there are many occurrences in the Yangtze River Basin from June to July, which is particularly harmful. Especially in the year when the temperature is low in February, it is easy to occur.

(4) West flower hummer

Western flower thrips is a world-famous pest, native to North America. It was first discovered in Kauai, Hawaii in 1955. It was mainly distributed in North Dakota and west of Texas before 1980. And British Columbia, Canada, was once the most common kind of thrips in California. However, since 1980, the adaptability of the pest has been significantly enhanced, and it is no longer confined to the original living environment. It has spread to the Netherlands, Denmark, France, Finland, Japan and other places, and has become a worldwide important pest.

The insects feed on the stems, leaves, flowers, and fruits of the plants, causing the plants to wither, and also spread a variety of viruses including the notorious tomato spotted wilt virus. Its host range is wide, the food is mixed, and there are more than 500 host plants, including a variety of important economic crops such as vegetables, flowers, cotton, etc., and in the process of its proliferation, its host plant species has been continuously increasing, showing a clear host spectrum. Expansion phenomenon. Long-distance diffusion mainly relies on human factors such as seedlings, flower transportation and artificial carrying. Even in the course of transportation, even if it encounters unfavorable temperature, humidity and other inferior conditions, it can survive and maintain considerable vitality after the embarrassment. After a short incubation period, It can quickly adapt to become a major local pest in the invading area, causing serious losses of crops. The climatic conditions of the southern provinces of China and the greenhouses in the north are suitable for their occurrence. Therefore, the pests may have a potential for rapid spread of harm in a wider range in China.

(5) Ginger and Horse

The pupa that occurs on the big ginger is the yellow pheasant. Its adult and nymph sucking the heart, tenderness and tender leaves of the ginger, making the damaged leaves harden and shrink, the plants grow slowly, the shoots and The young leaves are curled, and the heart leaves cannot open normally and appear deformed. The yellow horses start their activities every April, and the peak period of the occurrence of the hazard from May to September is the most serious in the early summer. The first-feathered adult has an upward, green-green habit, and is particularly active. It can fly and jump, be agile, and hide behind the glare. When the sun is full during the day, the adults are more concealed in the leafhopper or the young leaf roll. Leaf back hazard. Prevention and control of thrips can use pesticide control and physical control at the same time. When the spot is taken, it can be controlled 2-3 times with 5% acetamiprid for 2 to 3 times, which can get good results. Be sure to pay attention to the time of spraying, and when the afternoon light is not strong, it is recommended to add 50 grams of brown sugar to the liquid to fully improve the control effect. Physical control mainly uses the characteristics of thrips sensitive to blue, and adopts blue plate trapping: 20 to 25 pieces of 30 cm × 40 cm blue plates per acre, and 15 to 25 cm higher than the upper part of the crop.

4 life habits

Hummers occur all year round. The spring, summer and autumn seasons mainly occur in open fields, and in winter, they are mainly in greenhouses, which endanger crops such as eggplant, cucumber, cowpea, pepper and watermelon. The peak period occurs in the autumn or winter from November to December, and from March to May is the second peak period. Female adults mainly carry out parthenogenesis, occasionally sexual reproduction, and it is extremely difficult to see males. The eggs are scattered in the mesophyll tissue, and 22 to 35 eggs per female. Female adults live for 8 to 10 days. The egg period is 6 to 7 days from May to June. The nymphs stop feeding when they feed from the back of the leaf to the end of the old age and fall into the topsoil.

Hummer likes warm and dry weather. The suitable temperature is 23 °C ~ 28 °C, suitable air humidity is 40% ~ 70%; humidity is too large to survive, when the humidity reaches 100%, the temperature reaches 31 °C, the nymph all die . In the rainy season, if it is rainy and rainy, water accumulated between the leaves of the onion can cause the nymph to die. After heavy rain or watering, the soil is compacted, so that the nymphs cannot enter the soil and the mites cannot hatch adults.

5 Hazard status

The thrips suck the young plants (shoots, leaves, flowers, fruits, etc.) of the plants with adult and nymphs. The damaged young leaves and young shoots become hard and curly, and the plants grow slowly and the internodes are shortened. Eggplant, cucumber, watermelon, etc. will harden after being killed, causing fruit drop in severe cases, seriously affecting yield and quality.

6 blade damage

After the young leaves are damaged, the leaves are thinned, and grayish-white or taupe streaks appear on both sides of the midrib of the leaves. The epidermis is gray-brown, deformed and curled, and the growth potential is weak, which is easy to be confused with the side of the multi-food mites.

7 Young fruit suffers

The oil cells of the epidermis rupture, gradually lose water and shrink, and the scar expands as the fruit expands, presenting silver-white or gray-white stains of different shapes. However, a small part also occurs in the waist and other parts. These "scarred fruits" can be divided into three categories: one is about 0.5 cm from the fruit stalk, and has a ring-shaped scar about 2 to 3 mm wide; the other is that there are one or more widths of about 1 mm on the fruit surface. Regular linear or dendritic scars; third, one or more button-sized irregular round scars appear on the fruit or umbilicus. Round scars are often associated with dendritic scars. In the young fruit period, the scar is silvery white, touched by hand, and has a rough feeling; on the mature fruit, it is dark red or dark red, smooth and shiny.

8 Prevention methods

Agricultural control: In the early spring, the weeds and dead branches of the field are removed, burned or buried deeply, and the wintering adults and nymphs are eliminated. Strengthen the management of fertilizer and water, and promote the plant to grow robust and reduce damage.

Physical control: Using the habit of the blue horse, the blue sticky board is set in the field to trap the adult, and the height of the stick is flat with the crop.

Chemical control: Conventional use of imidacloprid, acetamiprid and other conventional agents, gradually reduce the control effect.

At present, the following prevention methods are promoted internationally:

Rice seedlings, thrips and planthoppers: recommended thiamethoxam varieties, 30% thiamethoxam suspension seed coating agent, 70% imidacloprid wettable seed dressing.

Vegetables: Solanum, melons, and beans are irrigated with 25% thiamethoxam water-dispersible granules at 3,000-5,000 times to reduce the release of viral diseases and reduce the risk of underground pests.

Fruit trees: Mango and other thrips are harmful to heavy crops. You can use 25% thiamethoxam spray, but increase the amount of use, such as 800 times spray, and high content of emamectin benzoate and bifenthrin. Mixed use.

Tobacco: Spraying roots before transplanting or when planting, you can use imidacloprid, clothianidin; 25% imidacloprid 1,000 times, 25% thiamethoxam 3,000 to 5,000 times.

High-resistance Hummer, such as: 2016, Guangxi, Shouguang area, such as beans, eggplants, peppers and other crops on the thrips, the variety is complex, the resistance is very strong, the conventional thiamethoxam, imidacloprid and other ingredients are difficult to prevent Effect, Ai Shishi + worm nitrile + azole amide, compound product, good control effect

9 Prevention points

According to the characteristics of the hustle and bustle of the horse, it is recommended to take the medicine in the afternoon.

Hummer is highly concealed, and the drug needs to be selected for systemic or silicone additives, and try to choose a long-lasting agent.

If conditions permit, it is recommended to combine the method of root irrigation with foliar spray.

Prevent in advance, don't wait until there is a flood of medication. Planting vegetables during high temperatures, if not covered with mulch, it is best to spray the middle and lower parts of the plant and the ground at the same time, because these places are habitats of Python nymphs.

More pesticide knowledge , please pay attention to China Pesticide Network

(Source: Agricultural bugs)

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