According to comprehensive media reports, the development of the German construction machinery industry is closely related to other EU member states. It gives full play to the inherent advantages of the old industrial powers, and then the German manufacturers rely on their own brand reputation and technology research and development, quality management advantages to integrate The market competitiveness of its products will inevitably be significantly improved. To a certain extent, the quality of German construction machinery is more representative of the strength of the EU's overall engineering machinery manufacturing. Germany is the world's third largest manufacturer of construction machinery, second only to the United States and Japan. Germany has a wide range of construction machinery products, with a high degree of market segmentation. It has various specifications of excavators, loaders, cranes, lifts, mixers, road rollers and engineering technology and system solutions. It can be used in a variety of natural and geographical conditions. Road works. German companies pay attention to communication with users in the product design and production process, and are good at the details to ensure the product's pertinence and after-sales satisfaction. In the rise of German construction machinery, there are three major factors worthy of reference from other countries.
Overseas demand is the biggest driver of growth in the industry According to the German Bureau of Statistics, in 2010, the total sales of German construction machinery manufacturing was 10.21 billion euros, an increase of 15.3%. Among them, domestic sales were 2.64 billion euros, accounting for 25.9% of total sales; foreign sales in the euro zone market was 2.22 billion euros, and sales outside the euro zone were 5.35 billion euros, respectively, accounting for total sales. The amount is 21.7% and 52.4%. According to incomplete statistics of the European Commission, in 2010, the output value of the EU's 27 construction machinery manufacturing industry was about 25.07 billion euros, an increase of 19.2%. Among them, the German construction machinery manufacturing industry output value of 8.26 billion euros, accounting for about 32.9% of the EU's total output value. From January to August 2011, sales of German construction machinery manufacturing was 8.12 billion euros, a cumulative increase of 26.3% compared with the same period last year. Among them, domestic sales were 2.03 billion euros, accounting for 25% of total sales, foreign sales in the euro zone market was 1.66 billion euros, and sales outside the euro zone were 4.43 billion euros, respectively, accounting for total sales. 20.4% and 54.6% of the amount. In the first eight months of 2011, the proportion of German construction machinery sales changed little compared with the previous year, and the industry still relies more on overseas demand to drive growth. In 2010, German construction machinery sales rebounded significantly, and the industry showed signs of significant recovery. However, after March 2011, the growth rate of German construction machinery manufacturing sales continued to decline, and it is clear that the pace of its recovery is not stable enough. In addition, from the incomplete statistics of Eurostat 2010, the output value of German construction machinery manufacturing industry accounted for the highest proportion among the 27 EU countries, and the development trend of the EU's overall construction machinery manufacturing industry was also the biggest. In 2010, the German construction machinery order index climbed month by month, reaching a maximum of 153 in November, and the foreign orders averaged 25 points higher than the domestic order. In the first eight months of 2011, the total order index remained at a relatively high level, especially in the 6 and 7 months, the total order index was around 170. The foreign orders index is on average higher than the domestic 34 points. Obviously, the increase in orders in 2011 is more due to the contribution of foreign orders. In addition, according to data from the German Statistical Office, in 2010, German construction machinery exports totaled 8.122 billion euros, an increase of 15.5% over the previous year. In the first eight months of 2011, the cumulative export value of German construction machinery totaled 6.09 billion euros, a year-on-year increase of 29.1%. The top five exporters are: Russia, China, the United States, France and the Netherlands, up 71.0%, 27.2%, 43.8%, 25.0% and 35.7% respectively over the same period of last year. Export growth to Russia and the United States is significant. Higher than the 2010 level. In 2010, German construction machinery imports totaled 2.93 billion euros, an increase of 27.1%. In the first eight months of 2011, German construction machinery imports totaled 2.46 billion euros, up 48.2% year-on-year. The top 5 were: France, Belgium, Italy, the United Kingdom and Austria, up 26.1% and 114.6 respectively over the same period of last year. %, 43.6%, 50.9% and 29.9%, especially for Belgium, there has been a sharp increase in imports.
The industry's cost structure has three characteristics. The German Bureau of Statistics also counts the cost structure of the German construction machinery industry every year. In 2008 and 2009, the proportion of the German construction machinery industry's cost component to the total output value of the industry in that year was 52.1% and 47.1% of raw materials. 6.5% and 7.4% of purchased parts, 14.9% and 20.0% of staff wages, 2.6% and 3.6% of social benefits, 0.7% and 0.8% of energy consumption, 1.3% and 2.0% of depreciation and other related expenses (including rent, interest, Other temporary expenses, etc.) 13.8% and 15.0%. The development of the German construction machinery industry has the following characteristics: (1) On the one hand, more attention is paid to the saving of raw material costs, and this part of the cost is precisely the largest proportion of the cost structure of the construction machinery industry. On the other hand, more attention is paid to the improvement of purchased parts. Proportion, these have played a positive role in reducing costs. (2) The proportion of personnel costs has increased more and has increased to about 1/4, which is obviously related to the characteristics of engineering machinery as a technology-intensive industry. The industry pays more attention to the investment of human capital in order to keep the product technically leading. , in order to maintain a high market share. (3) The depreciation cost of the German construction machinery industry has increased slightly, which may have a negative impact on the profit growth of the German construction machinery industry, and the rising trend of energy consumption will cause the energy management department of the German government to save energy for the industry. Pay more attention to it. According to the "2011 Enterprise R&D Investment Scoreboard" report released by the European Commission, the R&D investment of construction machinery manufacturers in 2010 is ranked as follows (a total of 1,000 listed companies are selected): US Caterpillar ranked 49th, R&D investment 1.42 billion euros, an increase of 34.1%, R & D investment in net sales ratio of 4.5%; US John Deere ranked 82, research and development investment of 784 million euros, an increase of 7.7%, accounting for 4.0%; Japan Komatsu ranked 145 R&D investment was 427 million euros, down 13.6% year-on-year, accounting for 3.2%; Germany Liebherr ranked 166 internationally, and R&D investment was 363 million euros, up 26.9% year-on-year, accounting for 4.8%.
Competitive trade competitiveness of excavators According to the industrial classification of Eurostat, the German construction machinery manufacturing industry is divided into 17 sub-categories, and the import and export data of the German Statistical Office in 2010 is analyzed. The products are: excavation machinery parts (including crane parts, the same below), other excavation machinery (including piling, snow removal, compactor, etc.), excavators, mining quarrying machines and sorting grinder parts . In 2010, Germany's construction machinery manufacturing exports grew faster than the year-on-year: tamping roller (62%), bulldozer (49%), self-driven front shovel loader (38%). From January to August 2011, the export value of German excavation machinery parts, excavators and mining quarrying machines was 1.496 billion euros, 888 million euros and 566 million euros, an increase of 18.7%, 49.1% and 11.1% over the same period of the previous year. .
1. Excavator machine export quality excavator is the main product of German construction machinery manufacturing, and it is the most important core product for its export. In 2010, the total export value of German excavators was 1.011 billion euros, and the total import value was 463 million euros. According to the Trade Competitiveness Index (TC), the trade competitiveness index (TC) of the German excavator industry is 0.372, indicating that its trade competitiveness is strong. In the first eight months of 2011, Germany exported a total of 9,103 excavators, an increase of 18.5% year-on-year, with an average unit price of 98,700 euros per unit, an increase of 25.8%. Obviously, German excavator manufacturers are more eager to win by quality and gain more marginal benefits. Although this may lose some market share, at the same time, due to the outstanding quality of the products, it will lay a solid foundation for the long-term development of German excavators and consolidate its irreplaceable position in the international market. In the first eight months of 2011, the top five export markets were: the Netherlands, Australia, Russia, France and the United States.
2. Excavator parts import and export "to learn from each other" In 2010, the total export value of German excavation machinery parts and components was 1.93 billion euros, the average export price was 5.96 thousand euros / ton, the total import value was 1.32 billion euros, and the average import price was 3.05 kilo ohms. /Ton. The TC index of the German excavation machinery parts industry is 0.189, indicating that its trade competitiveness is close to the international level, and the TC index is closer to zero, and the industry tends to trade within the industry. In the first eight months of 2011, the top five exporters of German excavation machinery parts were China, France, the United States, South Korea and Sweden, accounting for 9.9%, 8.9%, 8.5%, 7.3% and 5.7% respectively; The top 5 import markets are Italy, Czech Republic, France, Poland and Austria, accounting for 15.2%, 10.9%, 8.0%, 7.4 and 5.6% respectively. China, South Korea and the United States are ranked 10th, 11th and 14th respectively. The ratio is between 4% and 3%. From the perspective of intra-industry trade theory, in terms of vertically integrated investment, especially for China, the trade shows a distinctive feature of North-South trade, that is, it earns high profits for China’s export of high value-added products, while importing low added value. Products or mature technology products to reduce the production cost of the whole machine. In the first eight months of 2011, the average unit price of German excavation machinery parts to China was 11.5 thousand euros/ton, and the export value increased by 33.8% year-on-year; the average unit price of imports was 1.3 thousand euros/ton, and the import value increased by 48.3%. In terms of trade with developed countries, the source of imported machinery parts and components is mainly the countries with strong manufacturing strength in the EU. The export machinery market is strong in foreign countries except France, Sweden and other countries, including the United States and South Korea. The world-class engineering machinery manufacturing powerhouse, which fully reflects the characteristics of horizontal integrated industry trade, that is, developed countries trade through differential products to achieve complementary advantages and strong alliances. For example, in the first eight months of 2011, the average unit price of imported mechanical parts imported from Italy was 3.1 thousand euros/ton, and the average unit price exported to the country was 2.7 thousand euros/ton. In 2010, the average unit price imported from the United States was 5.4. Thousand euros / ton, exports 5.6 kilo ohms / ton.
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